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Name	Size	Permission	Date
2to3.rst	16.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
__future__.rst	6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
__main__.rst	12.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_thread.rst	7.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
abc.rst	12.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
aifc.rst	7.48 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
allos.rst	678 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
archiving.rst	440 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
argparse.rst	80.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
array.rst	10.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ast.rst	75.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asynchat.rst	8.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-api-index.rst	4.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-dev.rst	7.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-eventloop.rst	59.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-exceptions.rst	1.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-future.rst	8.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-llapi-index.rst	14.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-platforms.rst	3.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-policy.rst	9.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-protocol.rst	31.55 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-queue.rst	5.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-stream.rst	14.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-subprocess.rst	11.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-sync.rst	8.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-task.rst	32.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio.rst	2.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncore.rst	13.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
atexit.rst	3.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
audioop.rst	10.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
audit_events.rst	2.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
base64.rst	10.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bdb.rst	14.54 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binary.rst	654 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binascii.rst	7.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binhex.rst	1.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bisect.rst	9.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
builtins.rst	1.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bz2.rst	11.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
calendar.rst	14.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cgi.rst	21.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cgitb.rst	3.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
chunk.rst	5.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cmath.rst	9.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cmd.rst	13.6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
code.rst	7.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
codecs.rst	75.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
codeop.rst	3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
collections.abc.rst	16.73 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
collections.rst	52.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
colorsys.rst	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
compileall.rst	13.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
concurrency.rst	685 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
concurrent.futures.rst	20.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
concurrent.rst	171 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
configparser.rst	49.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
constants.rst	3.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
contextlib.rst	34.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
contextvars.rst	8.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
copy.rst	3.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
copyreg.rst	1.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
crypt.rst	5.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
crypto.rst	411 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
csv.rst	20.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ctypes.rst	90.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
curses.ascii.rst	8.85 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
curses.panel.rst	2.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
curses.rst	77.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
custominterp.rst	569 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dataclasses.rst	29.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
datatypes.rst	817 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
datetime.rst	101.93 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dbm.rst	15.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
debug.rst	611 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
decimal.rst	76.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
development.rst	719 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
devmode.rst	7.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dialog.rst	6.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
difflib.rst	29.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dis.rst	35.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
distribution.rst	452 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
distutils.rst	2.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
doctest.rst	69.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.charset.rst	7.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.compat32-message.rst	32.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.contentmanager.rst	8.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.encoders.rst	2.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.errors.rst	4.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.examples.rst	1.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.generator.rst	13.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.header.rst	8.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.headerregistry.rst	18.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.iterators.rst	2.73 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.message.rst	32.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.mime.rst	11.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.parser.rst	13.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.policy.rst	26.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.rst	6.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.utils.rst	9.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ensurepip.rst	4.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
enum.rst	35.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
errno.rst	7.81 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
exceptions.rst	29.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
faulthandler.rst	6.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fcntl.rst	7.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
filecmp.rst	5.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fileformats.rst	273 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fileinput.rst	8.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
filesys.rst	946 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fnmatch.rst	3.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fractions.rst	6.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
frameworks.rst	391 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ftplib.rst	18.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
functional.rst	365 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
functions.rst	84.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
functools.rst	25.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gc.rst	11.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getopt.rst	6.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getpass.rst	1.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gettext.rst	27.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
glob.rst	5.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
graphlib.rst	8.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
grp.rst	2.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gzip.rst	9.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hashlib-blake2-tree.png	10.81 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hashlib.rst	27.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
heapq.rst	13.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hmac.rst	4.93 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
html.entities.rst	1.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
html.parser.rst	11.02 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
html.rst	1.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.client.rst	20.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.cookiejar.rst	27.68 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.cookies.rst	8.79 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.rst	7.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.server.rst	19.68 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
i18n.rst	408 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
idle.rst	38.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
imaplib.rst	21.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
imghdr.rst	3.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
imp.rst	15.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
importlib.metadata.rst	12.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
importlib.rst	66.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
index.rst	2.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
inspect.rst	59.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
internet.rst	923 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
intro.rst	2.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
io.rst	44.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ipaddress.rst	35.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ipc.rst	643 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
itertools.rst	42.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
json.rst	28.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
keyword.rst	1.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
language.rst	494 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
linecache.rst	2.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
locale.rst	26.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
logging.config.rst	36.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
logging.handlers.rst	47.53 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
logging.rst	66.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
lzma.rst	16.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mailbox.rst	61.47 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mailcap.rst	4.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
markup.rst	679 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
marshal.rst	5.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
math.rst	21.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mimetypes.rst	9.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mm.rst	331 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mmap.rst	13.41 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
modulefinder.rst	3.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
modules.rst	381 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
msilib.rst	18.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
msvcrt.rst	4.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
multiprocessing.rst	108.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
multiprocessing.shared_memory.rst	14.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
netdata.rst	314 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
netrc.rst	3.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
nis.rst	2.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
nntplib.rst	21.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
numbers.rst	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
numeric.rst	696 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
operator.rst	18.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
optparse.rst	75.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
os.path.rst	17.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
os.rst	168.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ossaudiodev.rst	17.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pathlib-inheritance.png	6.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pathlib-inheritance.svg	55.23 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pathlib.rst	39.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pdb.rst	20.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
persistence.rst	591 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pickle.rst	46.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pickletools.rst	3.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pipes.rst	2.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pkgutil.rst	10.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
platform.rst	9.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
plistlib.rst	5.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
poplib.rst	8.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
posix.rst	3.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pprint.rst	16.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
profile.rst	29.55 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pty.rst	4.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pwd.rst	2.67 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
py_compile.rst	6.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pyclbr.rst	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pydoc.rst	5.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pyexpat.rst	29.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
python.rst	480 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
queue.rst	10 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
quopri.rst	2.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
random.rst	22.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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readline.rst	12.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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resource.rst	13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
rlcompleter.rst	2.24 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
runpy.rst	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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security_warnings.rst	1.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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signal.rst	25.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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sqlite3.rst	66.94 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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stringprep.rst	4.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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subprocess.rst	57.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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telnetlib.rst	8.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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termios.rst	3.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
test.rst	54.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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threading.rst	42.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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Rename

:mod:`copy` --- Shallow and deep copy operations
================================================

.. module:: copy
   :synopsis: Shallow and deep copy operations.

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/copy.py`

--------------

Assignment statements in Python do not copy objects, they create bindings
between a target and an object. For collections that are mutable or contain
mutable items, a copy is sometimes needed so one can change one copy without
changing the other. This module provides generic shallow and deep copy
operations (explained below).

Interface summary:

.. function:: copy(x)

Return a shallow copy of *x*.

.. function:: deepcopy(x[, memo])

Return a deep copy of *x*.

.. exception:: Error

Raised for module specific errors.

.. _shallow_vs_deep_copy:

The difference between shallow and deep copying is only relevant for compound
objects (objects that contain other objects, like lists or class instances):

* A *shallow copy* constructs a new compound object and then (to the extent
  possible) inserts *references* into it to the objects found in the original.

* A *deep copy* constructs a new compound object and then, recursively, inserts
  *copies* into it of the objects found in the original.

Two problems often exist with deep copy operations that don't exist with shallow
copy operations:

* Recursive objects (compound objects that, directly or indirectly, contain a
  reference to themselves) may cause a recursive loop.

* Because deep copy copies everything it may copy too much, such as data
  which is intended to be shared between copies.

The :func:`deepcopy` function avoids these problems by:

* keeping a ``memo`` dictionary of objects already copied during the current
  copying pass; and

* letting user-defined classes override the copying operation or the set of
  components copied.

This module does not copy types like module, method, stack trace, stack frame,
file, socket, window, or any similar types.  It does "copy" functions and
classes (shallow and deeply), by returning the original object unchanged; this
is compatible with the way these are treated by the :mod:`pickle` module.

Shallow copies of dictionaries can be made using :meth:`dict.copy`, and
of lists by assigning a slice of the entire list, for example,
``copied_list = original_list[:]``.

.. index:: module: pickle

Classes can use the same interfaces to control copying that they use to control
pickling.  See the description of module :mod:`pickle` for information on these
methods.  In fact, the :mod:`copy` module uses the registered
pickle functions from the :mod:`copyreg` module.

.. index::
   single: __copy__() (copy protocol)
   single: __deepcopy__() (copy protocol)

In order for a class to define its own copy implementation, it can define
special methods :meth:`__copy__` and :meth:`__deepcopy__`.  The former is called
to implement the shallow copy operation; no additional arguments are passed.
The latter is called to implement the deep copy operation; it is passed one
argument, the ``memo`` dictionary.  If the :meth:`__deepcopy__` implementation needs
to make a deep copy of a component, it should call the :func:`deepcopy` function
with the component as first argument and the memo dictionary as second argument.
The memo dictionary should be treated as an opaque object.

.. seealso::

Module :mod:`pickle`
      Discussion of the special methods used to support object state retrieval and
      restoration.