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Name	Size	Permission	Date
2to3.rst	16.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
__future__.rst	6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
__main__.rst	12.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_thread.rst	7.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
abc.rst	12.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
aifc.rst	7.48 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
allos.rst	678 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
archiving.rst	440 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
argparse.rst	80.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
array.rst	10.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ast.rst	75.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asynchat.rst	8.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-api-index.rst	4.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-dev.rst	7.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-eventloop.rst	59.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-exceptions.rst	1.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-future.rst	8.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-llapi-index.rst	14.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-platforms.rst	3.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-policy.rst	9.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-protocol.rst	31.55 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-queue.rst	5.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-stream.rst	14.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-subprocess.rst	11.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-sync.rst	8.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio-task.rst	32.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncio.rst	2.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
asyncore.rst	13.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
atexit.rst	3.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
audioop.rst	10.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
audit_events.rst	2.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
base64.rst	10.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bdb.rst	14.54 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binary.rst	654 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binascii.rst	7.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binhex.rst	1.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bisect.rst	9.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
builtins.rst	1.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bz2.rst	11.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
calendar.rst	14.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cgi.rst	21.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cgitb.rst	3.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
chunk.rst	5.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cmath.rst	9.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
cmd.rst	13.6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
code.rst	7.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
codecs.rst	75.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
codeop.rst	3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
collections.abc.rst	16.73 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
collections.rst	52.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
colorsys.rst	1.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
compileall.rst	13.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
concurrency.rst	685 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
concurrent.futures.rst	20.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
concurrent.rst	171 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
configparser.rst	49.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
constants.rst	3.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
contextlib.rst	34.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
contextvars.rst	8.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
copy.rst	3.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
copyreg.rst	1.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
crypt.rst	5.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
crypto.rst	411 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
csv.rst	20.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ctypes.rst	90.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
curses.ascii.rst	8.85 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
curses.panel.rst	2.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
curses.rst	77.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
custominterp.rst	569 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dataclasses.rst	29.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
datatypes.rst	817 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
datetime.rst	101.93 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dbm.rst	15.05 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
debug.rst	611 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
decimal.rst	76.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
development.rst	719 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
devmode.rst	7.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dialog.rst	6.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
difflib.rst	29.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
dis.rst	35.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
distribution.rst	452 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
distutils.rst	2.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
doctest.rst	69.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.charset.rst	7.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.compat32-message.rst	32.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.contentmanager.rst	8.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.encoders.rst	2.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.errors.rst	4.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.examples.rst	1.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.generator.rst	13.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.header.rst	8.97 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.headerregistry.rst	18.04 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.iterators.rst	2.73 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.message.rst	32.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.mime.rst	11.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.parser.rst	13.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.policy.rst	26.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.rst	6.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
email.utils.rst	9.17 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ensurepip.rst	4.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
enum.rst	35.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
errno.rst	7.81 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
exceptions.rst	29.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
faulthandler.rst	6.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fcntl.rst	7.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
filecmp.rst	5.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fileformats.rst	273 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fileinput.rst	8.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
filesys.rst	946 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fnmatch.rst	3.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fractions.rst	6.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
frameworks.rst	391 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ftplib.rst	18.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
functional.rst	365 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
functions.rst	84.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
functools.rst	25.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gc.rst	11.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getopt.rst	6.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getpass.rst	1.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gettext.rst	27.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
glob.rst	5.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
graphlib.rst	8.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
grp.rst	2.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gzip.rst	9.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hashlib-blake2-tree.png	10.81 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hashlib.rst	27.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
heapq.rst	13.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hmac.rst	4.93 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
html.entities.rst	1.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
html.parser.rst	11.02 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
html.rst	1.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.client.rst	20.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.cookiejar.rst	27.68 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.cookies.rst	8.79 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.rst	7.61 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
http.server.rst	19.68 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
i18n.rst	408 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
idle.rst	38.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
imaplib.rst	21.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
imghdr.rst	3.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
imp.rst	15.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
importlib.metadata.rst	12.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
importlib.rst	66.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
index.rst	2.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
inspect.rst	59.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
internet.rst	923 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
intro.rst	2.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
io.rst	44.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ipaddress.rst	35.22 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ipc.rst	643 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
itertools.rst	42.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
json.rst	28.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
keyword.rst	1.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
language.rst	494 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
linecache.rst	2.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
locale.rst	26.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
logging.config.rst	36.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
logging.handlers.rst	47.53 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
logging.rst	66.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
lzma.rst	16.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mailbox.rst	61.47 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mailcap.rst	4.43 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
markup.rst	679 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
marshal.rst	5.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
math.rst	21.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mimetypes.rst	9.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mm.rst	331 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mmap.rst	13.41 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
modulefinder.rst	3.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
modules.rst	381 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
msilib.rst	18.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
msvcrt.rst	4.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
multiprocessing.rst	108.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
multiprocessing.shared_memory.rst	14.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
netdata.rst	314 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
netrc.rst	3.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
nis.rst	2.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
nntplib.rst	21.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
numbers.rst	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
numeric.rst	696 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
operator.rst	18.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
optparse.rst	75.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
os.path.rst	17.4 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
os.rst	168.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ossaudiodev.rst	17.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pathlib-inheritance.png	6.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pathlib-inheritance.svg	55.23 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pathlib.rst	39.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pdb.rst	20.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
persistence.rst	591 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pickle.rst	46.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pickletools.rst	3.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pipes.rst	2.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pkgutil.rst	10.26 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
platform.rst	9.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
plistlib.rst	5.32 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
poplib.rst	8.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
posix.rst	3.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pprint.rst	16.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
profile.rst	29.55 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pty.rst	4.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pwd.rst	2.67 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
py_compile.rst	6.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pyclbr.rst	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pydoc.rst	5.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pyexpat.rst	29.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
python.rst	480 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
queue.rst	10 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
quopri.rst	2.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
random.rst	22.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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readline.rst	12.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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resource.rst	13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
rlcompleter.rst	2.24 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
runpy.rst	8.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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security_warnings.rst	1.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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signal.rst	25.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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sqlite3.rst	66.94 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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stringprep.rst	4.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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subprocess.rst	57.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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telnetlib.rst	8.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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termios.rst	3.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
test.rst	54.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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threading.rst	42.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
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Rename

.. currentmodule:: asyncio

.. _asyncio-streams:

=======
Streams
=======

**Source code:** :source:`Lib/asyncio/streams.py`

-------------------------------------------------

Streams are high-level async/await-ready primitives to work with
network connections.  Streams allow sending and receiving data without
using callbacks or low-level protocols and transports.

.. _asyncio_example_stream:

Here is an example of a TCP echo client written using asyncio
streams::

import asyncio

async def tcp_echo_client(message):
        reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
            '127.0.0.1', 8888)

print(f'Send: {message!r}')
        writer.write(message.encode())
        await writer.drain()

data = await reader.read(100)
        print(f'Received: {data.decode()!r}')

print('Close the connection')
        writer.close()
        await writer.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(tcp_echo_client('Hello World!'))

See also the `Examples`_ section below.

.. rubric:: Stream Functions

The following top-level asyncio functions can be used to create
and work with streams:

.. coroutinefunction:: open_connection(host=None, port=None, *, \
                          limit=None, ssl=None, family=0, proto=0, \
                          flags=0, sock=None, local_addr=None, \
                          server_hostname=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None, \
                          happy_eyeballs_delay=None, interleave=None)

Establish a network connection and return a pair of
   ``(reader, writer)`` objects.

The returned *reader* and *writer* objects are instances of
   :class:`StreamReader` and :class:`StreamWriter` classes.

*limit* determines the buffer size limit used by the
   returned :class:`StreamReader` instance.  By default the *limit*
   is set to 64 KiB.

The rest of the arguments are passed directly to
   :meth:`loop.create_connection`.

.. note::

The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
      :class:`StreamWriter` created. To close the socket, call its
      :meth:`~asyncio.StreamWriter.close` method.

.. versionchanged:: 3.7
      Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter.

.. versionadded:: 3.8
      Added *happy_eyeballs_delay* and *interleave* parameters.

.. versionchanged:: 3.10
      Removed the *loop* parameter.

.. coroutinefunction:: start_server(client_connected_cb, host=None, \
                          port=None, *, limit=None, \
                          family=socket.AF_UNSPEC, \
                          flags=socket.AI_PASSIVE, sock=None, \
                          backlog=100, ssl=None, reuse_address=None, \
                          reuse_port=None, ssl_handshake_timeout=None, \
                          start_serving=True)

Start a socket server.

The *client_connected_cb* callback is called whenever a new client
   connection is established.  It receives a ``(reader, writer)`` pair
   as two arguments, instances of the :class:`StreamReader` and
   :class:`StreamWriter` classes.

*client_connected_cb* can be a plain callable or a
   :ref:`coroutine function <coroutine>`; if it is a coroutine function,
   it will be automatically scheduled as a :class:`Task`.

*limit* determines the buffer size limit used by the
   returned :class:`StreamReader` instance.  By default the *limit*
   is set to 64 KiB.

The rest of the arguments are passed directly to
   :meth:`loop.create_server`.

.. note::

The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
      server created. To close the socket, call the server's
      :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` method.

.. versionchanged:: 3.7
      Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters.

.. versionchanged:: 3.10
      Removed the *loop* parameter.

.. rubric:: Unix Sockets

.. coroutinefunction:: open_unix_connection(path=None, *, limit=None, \
                        ssl=None, sock=None, server_hostname=None, \
                        ssl_handshake_timeout=None)

Establish a Unix socket connection and return a pair of
   ``(reader, writer)``.

Similar to :func:`open_connection` but operates on Unix sockets.

See also the documentation of :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection`.

.. note::

The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
      :class:`StreamWriter` created. To close the socket, call its
      :meth:`~asyncio.StreamWriter.close` method.

.. availability:: Unix.

.. versionchanged:: 3.7
      Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* parameter.
      The *path* parameter can now be a :term:`path-like object`

.. versionchanged:: 3.10
      Removed the *loop* parameter.

.. coroutinefunction:: start_unix_server(client_connected_cb, path=None, \
                          *, limit=None, sock=None, backlog=100, ssl=None, \
                          ssl_handshake_timeout=None, start_serving=True)

Start a Unix socket server.

Similar to :func:`start_server` but works with Unix sockets.

See also the documentation of :meth:`loop.create_unix_server`.

.. note::

The *sock* argument transfers ownership of the socket to the
      server created. To close the socket, call the server's
      :meth:`~asyncio.Server.close` method.

.. availability:: Unix.

.. versionchanged:: 3.7
      Added the *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters.
      The *path* parameter can now be a :term:`path-like object`.

.. versionchanged:: 3.10
      Removed the *loop* parameter.

StreamReader
============

.. class:: StreamReader

Represents a reader object that provides APIs to read data
   from the IO stream. As an :term:`asynchronous iterable`, the
   object supports the :keyword:`async for` statement.

It is not recommended to instantiate *StreamReader* objects
   directly; use :func:`open_connection` and :func:`start_server`
   instead.

.. coroutinemethod:: read(n=-1)

Read up to *n* bytes from the stream.

If *n* is not provided or set to ``-1``,
      read until EOF, then return all read :class:`bytes`.
      If EOF was received and the internal buffer is empty,
      return an empty ``bytes`` object.

If *n* is ``0``, return an empty ``bytes`` object immediately.

If *n* is positive, return at most *n* available ``bytes``
      as soon as at least 1 byte is available in the internal buffer.
      If EOF is received before any byte is read, return an empty
      ``bytes`` object.

.. coroutinemethod:: readline()

Read one line, where "line" is a sequence of bytes
      ending with ``\n``.

If EOF is received and ``\n`` was not found, the method
      returns partially read data.

If EOF is received and the internal buffer is empty,
      return an empty ``bytes`` object.

.. coroutinemethod:: readexactly(n)

Read exactly *n* bytes.

Raise an :exc:`IncompleteReadError` if EOF is reached before *n*
      can be read.  Use the :attr:`IncompleteReadError.partial`
      attribute to get the partially read data.

.. coroutinemethod:: readuntil(separator=b'\n')

Read data from the stream until *separator* is found.

On success, the data and separator will be removed from the
      internal buffer (consumed). Returned data will include the
      separator at the end.

If the amount of data read exceeds the configured stream limit, a
      :exc:`LimitOverrunError` exception is raised, and the data
      is left in the internal buffer and can be read again.

If EOF is reached before the complete separator is found,
      an :exc:`IncompleteReadError` exception is raised, and the internal
      buffer is reset.  The :attr:`IncompleteReadError.partial` attribute
      may contain a portion of the separator.

.. versionadded:: 3.5.2

.. method:: at_eof()

Return ``True`` if the buffer is empty and :meth:`feed_eof`
      was called.

StreamWriter
============

.. class:: StreamWriter

Represents a writer object that provides APIs to write data
   to the IO stream.

It is not recommended to instantiate *StreamWriter* objects
   directly; use :func:`open_connection` and :func:`start_server`
   instead.

.. method:: write(data)

The method attempts to write the *data* to the underlying socket immediately.
      If that fails, the data is queued in an internal write buffer until it can be
      sent.

The method should be used along with the ``drain()`` method::

stream.write(data)
         await stream.drain()

.. method:: writelines(data)

The method writes a list (or any iterable) of bytes to the underlying socket
      immediately.
      If that fails, the data is queued in an internal write buffer until it can be
      sent.

The method should be used along with the ``drain()`` method::

stream.writelines(lines)
         await stream.drain()

.. method:: close()

The method closes the stream and the underlying socket.

The method should be used, though not mandatory,
      along with the ``wait_closed()`` method::

stream.close()
         await stream.wait_closed()

.. method:: can_write_eof()

Return ``True`` if the underlying transport supports
      the :meth:`write_eof` method, ``False`` otherwise.

.. method:: write_eof()

Close the write end of the stream after the buffered write
      data is flushed.

.. attribute:: transport

Return the underlying asyncio transport.

.. method:: get_extra_info(name, default=None)

Access optional transport information; see
      :meth:`BaseTransport.get_extra_info` for details.

.. coroutinemethod:: drain()

Wait until it is appropriate to resume writing to the stream.
      Example::

writer.write(data)
          await writer.drain()

This is a flow control method that interacts with the underlying
      IO write buffer.  When the size of the buffer reaches
      the high watermark, *drain()* blocks until the size of the
      buffer is drained down to the low watermark and writing can
      be resumed.  When there is nothing to wait for, the :meth:`drain`
      returns immediately.

.. method:: is_closing()

Return ``True`` if the stream is closed or in the process of
      being closed.

.. versionadded:: 3.7

.. coroutinemethod:: wait_closed()

Wait until the stream is closed.

Should be called after :meth:`close` to wait until the underlying
      connection is closed, ensuring that all data has been flushed
      before e.g. exiting the program.

.. versionadded:: 3.7

Examples
========

.. _asyncio-tcp-echo-client-streams:

TCP echo client using streams
-----------------------------

TCP echo client using the :func:`asyncio.open_connection` function::

import asyncio

async def tcp_echo_client(message):
        reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
            '127.0.0.1', 8888)

print(f'Send: {message!r}')
        writer.write(message.encode())

data = await reader.read(100)
        print(f'Received: {data.decode()!r}')

print('Close the connection')
        writer.close()
        await writer.wait_closed()

asyncio.run(tcp_echo_client('Hello World!'))

.. seealso::

The :ref:`TCP echo client protocol <asyncio_example_tcp_echo_client_protocol>`
   example uses the low-level :meth:`loop.create_connection` method.

.. _asyncio-tcp-echo-server-streams:

TCP echo server using streams
-----------------------------

TCP echo server using the :func:`asyncio.start_server` function::

import asyncio

async def handle_echo(reader, writer):
        data = await reader.read(100)
        message = data.decode()
        addr = writer.get_extra_info('peername')

print(f"Received {message!r} from {addr!r}")

print(f"Send: {message!r}")
        writer.write(data)
        await writer.drain()

print("Close the connection")
        writer.close()
        await writer.wait_closed()

async def main():
        server = await asyncio.start_server(
            handle_echo, '127.0.0.1', 8888)

addrs = ', '.join(str(sock.getsockname()) for sock in server.sockets)
        print(f'Serving on {addrs}')

async with server:
            await server.serve_forever()

asyncio.run(main())

.. seealso::

The :ref:`TCP echo server protocol <asyncio_example_tcp_echo_server_protocol>`
   example uses the :meth:`loop.create_server` method.

Get HTTP headers
----------------

Simple example querying HTTP headers of the URL passed on the command line::

import asyncio
    import urllib.parse
    import sys

async def print_http_headers(url):
        url = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        if url.scheme == 'https':
            reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
                url.hostname, 443, ssl=True)
        else:
            reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(
                url.hostname, 80)

query = (
            f"HEAD {url.path or '/'} HTTP/1.0\r\n"
            f"Host: {url.hostname}\r\n"
            f"\r\n"
        )

writer.write(query.encode('latin-1'))
        while True:
            line = await reader.readline()
            if not line:
                break

line = line.decode('latin1').rstrip()
            if line:
                print(f'HTTP header> {line}')

# Ignore the body, close the socket
        writer.close()
        await writer.wait_closed()

url = sys.argv[1]
    asyncio.run(print_http_headers(url))

Usage::

python example.py http://example.com/path/page.html

or with HTTPS::

python example.py https://example.com/path/page.html

.. _asyncio_example_create_connection-streams:

Coroutine waiting until a socket receives data using the
:func:`open_connection` function::

import asyncio
    import socket

async def wait_for_data():
        # Get a reference to the current event loop because
        # we want to access low-level APIs.
        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()

# Create a pair of connected sockets.
        rsock, wsock = socket.socketpair()

# Register the open socket to wait for data.
        reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(sock=rsock)

# Simulate the reception of data from the network
        loop.call_soon(wsock.send, 'abc'.encode())

# Wait for data
        data = await reader.read(100)

# Got data, we are done: close the socket
        print("Received:", data.decode())
        writer.close()
        await writer.wait_closed()

# Close the second socket
        wsock.close()

asyncio.run(wait_for_data())

.. seealso::

The :ref:`register an open socket to wait for data using a protocol
   <asyncio_example_create_connection>` example uses a low-level protocol and
   the :meth:`loop.create_connection` method.

The :ref:`watch a file descriptor for read events
   <asyncio_example_watch_fd>` example uses the low-level
   :meth:`loop.add_reader` method to watch a file descriptor.