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Name	Size	Permission	Date
_blake2	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_ctypes	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_decimal	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_io	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_multiprocessing	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_sha3	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_sqlite	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_ssl	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
_xxtestfuzz	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
cjkcodecs	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
clinic	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
expat	[ DIR ]	drwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
README	112 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
Setup	15.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
Setup.local	41 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:17
_abc.c	26.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_abc.gcda	8.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_abc.o	228.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_asynciomodule.c	88.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_bisectmodule.c	8.03 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_bz2module.c	23.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_codecsmodule.c	32.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_codecsmodule.gcda	13.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_codecsmodule.o	374.94 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_collectionsmodule.c	79.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_collectionsmodule.gcda	14.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_collectionsmodule.o	325.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_contextvarsmodule.c	1.57 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_cryptmodule.c	1.66 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_csv.c	50.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_curses_panel.c	18.6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_cursesmodule.c	135.6 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_datetimemodule.c	219.13 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_dbmmodule.c	14.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_elementtree.c	124.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_functoolsmodule.c	45.07 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_functoolsmodule.gcda	11.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_functoolsmodule.o	268.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_gdbmmodule.c	21.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_hashopenssl.c	59.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_heapqmodule.c	21.78 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_iomodule.gcda	6.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_iomodule.o	186.38 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_json.c	57.57 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_localemodule.c	22.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_localemodule.gcda	8.57 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_localemodule.o	181.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_lsprof.c	25.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_lzmamodule.c	48.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_math.c	7.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_math.gcda	2.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_math.h	1007 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_math.o	32.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_opcode.c	2.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_operator.c	46.15 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_operator.gcda	13.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_operator.o	333.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_pickle.c	229.53 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_posixsubprocess.c	36.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_queuemodule.c	12.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_randommodule.c	17.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_scproxy.c	6.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_sre.c	79.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_sre.gcda	34.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_sre.o	975.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_ssl.c	186.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_ssl.h	2.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_ssl_data.h	203.14 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_ssl_data_111.h	208.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_ssl_data_300.h	275.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_stat.c	15.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_stat.gcda	5.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_stat.o	69.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_statisticsmodule.c	4.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_struct.c	68.85 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_testbuffer.c	82.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_testcapimodule.c	217.47 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_testclinic.c	22.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_testimportmultiple.c	1.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_testinternalcapi.c	10.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_testmultiphase.c	23.38 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_threadmodule.c	50.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_threadmodule.gcda	10.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_threadmodule.o	250.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_tkinter.c	93.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_tracemalloc.c	44.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_tracemalloc.gcda	12.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_tracemalloc.o	262.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_uuidmodule.c	3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_weakref.c	4.92 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_weakref.gcda	4.24 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
_weakref.o	84.91 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
_winapi.c	66.78 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_xxsubinterpretersmodule.c	67.74 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
_zoneinfo.c	73.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
addrinfo.h	5.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
arraymodule.c	87.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
atexitmodule.c	7.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
atexitmodule.gcda	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
atexitmodule.o	97.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
audioop.c	59.71 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
binascii.c	54.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
bufferedio.gcda	20.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
bufferedio.o	414.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
bytesio.gcda	10.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
bytesio.o	220.71 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
cmathmodule.c	42.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
config.c	3.21 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:17
config.c.in	1.58 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
config.o	34.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
errnomodule.c	27.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
errnomodule.gcda	8.02 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
errnomodule.o	113.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
faulthandler.c	40.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
faulthandler.gcda	9.1 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
faulthandler.o	147.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
fcntlmodule.c	20.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
fileio.gcda	9.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
fileio.o	227.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
gc_weakref.txt	11.19 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gcmodule.c	77.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
gcmodule.gcda	11.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
gcmodule.o	306.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
getaddrinfo.c	18.38 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getbuildinfo.c	1.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getbuildinfo.gcda	3.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
getbuildinfo.o	33.84 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
getnameinfo.c	6.18 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getpath.c	44.99 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
getpath.gcda	8.82 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
getpath.o	160.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
grpmodule.c	8.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
hashlib.h	2.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
iobase.gcda	9.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
iobase.o	189.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
itertoolsmodule.c	153.67 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
itertoolsmodule.gcda	27.9 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
itertoolsmodule.o	721.27 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
ld_so_aix	6.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2025-06-04 09:17
ld_so_aix.in	6.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
main.c	17.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
main.gcda	7.28 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
main.o	147.24 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
makesetup	7.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
makexp_aix	2.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x	2024-03-19 22:46
mathmodule.c	106.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
md5module.c	15.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
mmapmodule.c	47.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
nismodule.c	12.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
ossaudiodev.c	37.49 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
overlapped.c	53.65 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
posixmodule.c	413.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
posixmodule.gcda	67.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
posixmodule.h	791 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
posixmodule.o	1.49 MB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
pwdmodule.c	8.89 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
pwdmodule.gcda	4.96 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
pwdmodule.o	84.35 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
pyexpat.c	60.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
readline.c	40.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
resource.c	13.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
rotatingtree.c	3.39 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
rotatingtree.h	924 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
selectmodule.c	70.06 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
sha1module.c	14.76 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
sha256module.c	22.5 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
sha512module.c	27.29 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
signalmodule.c	52.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
signalmodule.gcda	11.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
signalmodule.o	235.02 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
socketmodule.c	243.34 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
socketmodule.h	8.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
spwdmodule.c	6.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
sre.h	2.83 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
sre_constants.h	2.81 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
sre_lib.h	52.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
stringio.gcda	9.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
stringio.o	193.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
symtablemodule.c	3.67 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
symtablemodule.gcda	4.25 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
symtablemodule.o	55.01 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
syslogmodule.c	10.64 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
termios.c	22.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
testcapi_long.h	6.77 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
textio.gcda	23.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
textio.o	645.09 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
timemodule.c	57.23 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
timemodule.gcda	8.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
timemodule.o	177.2 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
tkappinit.c	4.71 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
tkinter.h	881 B	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
unicodedata.c	44.69 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
unicodedata_db.h	531.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
unicodename_db.h	2.12 MB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
winreparse.h	1.59 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
xxlimited.c	9.23 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
xxlimited_35.c	6.88 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
xxmodule.c	12.56 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
xxsubtype.c	10.78 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46
xxsubtype.gcda	4.45 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:21
xxsubtype.o	54.38 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-06-04 09:22
zlibmodule.c	46.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-19 22:46

Rename

/*
 * ossaudiodev -- Python interface to the OSS (Open Sound System) API.
 *                This is the standard audio API for Linux and some
 *                flavours of BSD [XXX which ones?]; it is also available
 *                for a wide range of commercial Unices.
 *
 * Originally written by Peter Bosch, March 2000, as linuxaudiodev.
 *
 * Renamed to ossaudiodev and rearranged/revised/hacked up
 * by Greg Ward <gward@python.net>, November 2002.
 * Mixer interface by Nicholas FitzRoy-Dale <wzdd@lardcave.net>, Dec 2002.
 *
 * (c) 2000 Peter Bosch.  All Rights Reserved.
 * (c) 2002 Gregory P. Ward.  All Rights Reserved.
 * (c) 2002 Python Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * $Id$
 */

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
#include "Python.h"
#include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#else
#define O_RDONLY 00
#define O_WRONLY 01
#endif

#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#ifdef __ANDROID__
#include <linux/soundcard.h>
#else
#include <sys/soundcard.h>
#endif

#ifdef __linux__

#ifndef HAVE_STDINT_H
typedef unsigned long uint32_t;
#endif

#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)

# ifndef SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS
#  define SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS
# endif

#endif

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    const char *devicename;           /* name of the device file */
    int      fd;                      /* file descriptor */
    int      mode;                    /* file mode (O_RDONLY, etc.) */
    Py_ssize_t icount;                /* input count */
    Py_ssize_t ocount;                /* output count */
    uint32_t afmts;                   /* audio formats supported by hardware */
} oss_audio_t;

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int      fd;                      /* The open mixer device */
} oss_mixer_t;

static PyTypeObject OSSAudioType;
static PyTypeObject OSSMixerType;

static PyObject *OSSAudioError;

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * DSP object initialization/deallocation
 */

static oss_audio_t *
newossobject(PyObject *arg)
{
    oss_audio_t *self;
    int fd, afmts, imode;
    const char *devicename = NULL;
    const char *mode = NULL;

/* Two ways to call open():
         open(device, mode) (for consistency with builtin open())
         open(mode)         (for backwards compatibility)
       because the *first* argument is optional, parsing args is
       a wee bit tricky. */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "s|s:open", &devicename, &mode))
       return NULL;
    if (mode == NULL) {                 /* only one arg supplied */
       mode = devicename;
       devicename = NULL;
    }

if (strcmp(mode, "r") == 0)
        imode = O_RDONLY;
    else if (strcmp(mode, "w") == 0)
        imode = O_WRONLY;
    else if (strcmp(mode, "rw") == 0)
        imode = O_RDWR;
    else {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "mode must be 'r', 'w', or 'rw'");
        return NULL;
    }

/* Open the correct device: either the 'device' argument,
       or the AUDIODEV environment variable, or "/dev/dsp". */
    if (devicename == NULL) {              /* called with one arg */
       devicename = getenv("AUDIODEV");
       if (devicename == NULL)             /* $AUDIODEV not set */
          devicename = "/dev/dsp";
    }

/* Open with O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging on devices that only allow
       one open at a time.  This does *not* affect later I/O; OSS
       provides a special ioctl() for non-blocking read/write, which is
       exposed via oss_nonblock() below. */
    fd = _Py_open(devicename, imode|O_NONBLOCK);
    if (fd == -1)
        return NULL;

/* And (try to) put it back in blocking mode so we get the
       expected write() semantics. */
    if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0) == -1) {
        close(fd);
        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_OSError, devicename);
        return NULL;
    }

if (ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS, &afmts) == -1) {
        close(fd);
        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_OSError, devicename);
        return NULL;
    }
    /* Create and initialize the object */
    if ((self = PyObject_New(oss_audio_t, &OSSAudioType)) == NULL) {
        close(fd);
        return NULL;
    }
    self->devicename = devicename;
    self->fd = fd;
    self->mode = imode;
    self->icount = self->ocount = 0;
    self->afmts  = afmts;
    return self;
}

static void
oss_dealloc(oss_audio_t *self)
{
    /* if already closed, don't reclose it */
    if (self->fd != -1)
        close(self->fd);
    PyObject_Free(self);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Mixer object initialization/deallocation
 */

static oss_mixer_t *
newossmixerobject(PyObject *arg)
{
    const char *devicename = NULL;
    int fd;
    oss_mixer_t *self;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "|s", &devicename)) {
        return NULL;
    }

if (devicename == NULL) {
        devicename = getenv("MIXERDEV");
        if (devicename == NULL)            /* MIXERDEV not set */
            devicename = "/dev/mixer";
    }

fd = _Py_open(devicename, O_RDWR);
    if (fd == -1)
        return NULL;

if ((self = PyObject_New(oss_mixer_t, &OSSMixerType)) == NULL) {
        close(fd);
        return NULL;
    }

self->fd = fd;

return self;
}

static void
oss_mixer_dealloc(oss_mixer_t *self)
{
    /* if already closed, don't reclose it */
    if (self->fd != -1)
        close(self->fd);
    PyObject_Free(self);
}

/* Methods to wrap the OSS ioctls.  The calling convention is pretty
   simple:
     nonblock()        -> ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK)
     fmt = setfmt(fmt) -> ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt)
     etc.
*/

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Helper functions
 */

/* Check if a given file descriptor is valid (i.e. hasn't been closed).
 * If true, return 1. Otherwise, raise ValueError and return 0.
 */
static int _is_fd_valid(int fd)
{
    /* the FD is set to -1 in oss_close()/oss_mixer_close() */
    if (fd >= 0) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Operation on closed OSS device.");
        return 0;
    }
}

/* _do_ioctl_1() is a private helper function used for the OSS ioctls --
   SNDCTL_DSP_{SETFMT,CHANNELS,SPEED} -- that are called from C
   like this:
     ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_cmd, &arg)

where arg is the value to set, and on return the driver sets arg to
   the value that was actually set.  Mapping this to Python is obvious:
     arg = dsp.xxx(arg)
*/
static PyObject *
_do_ioctl_1(int fd, PyObject *args, char *fname, unsigned long cmd)
{
    char argfmt[33] = "i:";
    int arg;

assert(strlen(fname) <= 30);
    strncat(argfmt, fname, 30);
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, argfmt, &arg))
        return NULL;

if (ioctl(fd, cmd, &arg) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    return PyLong_FromLong(arg);
}

/* _do_ioctl_1_internal() is a wrapper for ioctls that take no inputs
   but return an output -- ie. we need to pass a pointer to a local C
   variable so the driver can write its output there, but from Python
   all we see is the return value.  For example,
   SOUND_MIXER_READ_DEVMASK returns a bitmask of available mixer
   devices, but does not use the value of the parameter passed-in in any
   way.
*/
static PyObject *
_do_ioctl_1_internal(int fd, PyObject *args, char *fname, unsigned long cmd)
{
    char argfmt[32] = ":";
    int arg = 0;

assert(strlen(fname) <= 30);
    strncat(argfmt, fname, 30);
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, argfmt, &arg))
        return NULL;

if (ioctl(fd, cmd, &arg) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    return PyLong_FromLong(arg);
}

/* _do_ioctl_0() is a private helper for the no-argument ioctls:
   SNDCTL_DSP_{SYNC,RESET,POST}. */
static PyObject *
_do_ioctl_0(int fd, PyObject *args, char *fname, unsigned long cmd)
{
    char argfmt[32] = ":";
    int rv;

assert(strlen(fname) <= 30);
    strncat(argfmt, fname, 30);
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, argfmt))
        return NULL;

/* According to hannu@opensound.com, all three of the ioctls that
       use this function can block, so release the GIL.  This is
       especially important for SYNC, which can block for several
       seconds. */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    rv = ioctl(fd, cmd, 0);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

if (rv == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Methods of DSP objects (OSSAudioType)
 */

static PyObject *
oss_nonblock(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

/* Hmmm: it doesn't appear to be possible to return to blocking
       mode once we're in non-blocking mode! */
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK, NULL) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
oss_setfmt(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "setfmt", SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT);
}

static PyObject *
oss_getfmts(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    int mask;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS, &mask) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    return PyLong_FromLong(mask);
}

static PyObject *
oss_channels(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "channels", SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS);
}

static PyObject *
oss_speed(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "speed", SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED);
}

static PyObject *
oss_sync(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_0(self->fd, args, "sync", SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC);
}

static PyObject *
oss_reset(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_0(self->fd, args, "reset", SNDCTL_DSP_RESET);
}

static PyObject *
oss_post(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_0(self->fd, args, "post", SNDCTL_DSP_POST);
}

/* Regular file methods: read(), write(), close(), etc. as well
   as one convenience method, writeall(). */

static PyObject *
oss_read(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_ssize_t size, count;
    PyObject *rv;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n:read", &size))
        return NULL;

rv = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
    if (rv == NULL)
        return NULL;

count = _Py_read(self->fd, PyBytes_AS_STRING(rv), size);
    if (count == -1) {
        Py_DECREF(rv);
        return NULL;
    }

self->icount += count;
    _PyBytes_Resize(&rv, count);
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
oss_write(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer data;
    Py_ssize_t rv;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y*:write", &data)) {
        return NULL;
    }

rv = _Py_write(self->fd, data.buf, data.len);
    PyBuffer_Release(&data);
    if (rv == -1)
        return NULL;

self->ocount += rv;
    return PyLong_FromLong(rv);
}

static PyObject *
oss_writeall(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer data;
    const char *cp;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    Py_ssize_t rv;
    fd_set write_set_fds;
    int select_rv;

/* NB. writeall() is only useful in non-blocking mode: according to
       Guenter Geiger <geiger@xdv.org> on the linux-audio-dev list
       (http://eca.cx/lad/2002/11/0380.html), OSS guarantees that
       write() in blocking mode consumes the whole buffer.  In blocking
       mode, the behaviour of write() and writeall() from Python is
       indistinguishable. */

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y*:writeall", &data))
        return NULL;

if (!_PyIsSelectable_fd(self->fd)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "file descriptor out of range for select");
        PyBuffer_Release(&data);
        return NULL;
    }
    /* use select to wait for audio device to be available */
    FD_ZERO(&write_set_fds);
    FD_SET(self->fd, &write_set_fds);
    cp = (const char *)data.buf;
    size = data.len;

while (size > 0) {
        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
        select_rv = select(self->fd+1, NULL, &write_set_fds, NULL, NULL);
        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

assert(select_rv != 0);   /* no timeout, can't expire */
        if (select_rv == -1) {
            PyBuffer_Release(&data);
            return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        }

rv = _Py_write(self->fd, cp, Py_MIN(size, INT_MAX));
        if (rv == -1) {
            /* buffer is full, try again */
            if (errno == EAGAIN) {
                PyErr_Clear();
                continue;
            }
            /* it's a real error */
            PyBuffer_Release(&data);
            return NULL;
        }

/* wrote rv bytes */
        self->ocount += rv;
        size -= rv;
        cp += rv;
    }
    PyBuffer_Release(&data);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
oss_close(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (self->fd >= 0) {
        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
        close(self->fd);
        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
        self->fd = -1;
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
oss_self(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    Py_INCREF(self);
    return self;
}

static PyObject *
oss_exit(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    _Py_IDENTIFIER(close);

PyObject *ret = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self, &PyId_close);
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;
    Py_DECREF(ret);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
oss_fileno(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return PyLong_FromLong(self->fd);
}

/* Convenience methods: these generally wrap a couple of ioctls into one
   common task. */

static PyObject *
oss_setparameters(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int wanted_fmt, wanted_channels, wanted_rate, strict=0;
    int fmt, channels, rate;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iii|i:setparameters",
                          &wanted_fmt, &wanted_channels, &wanted_rate,
                          &strict))
        return NULL;

fmt = wanted_fmt;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt) == -1) {
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    }
    if (strict && fmt != wanted_fmt) {
        return PyErr_Format
            (OSSAudioError,
             "unable to set requested format (wanted %d, got %d)",
             wanted_fmt, fmt);
    }

channels = wanted_channels;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &channels) == -1) {
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    }
    if (strict && channels != wanted_channels) {
        return PyErr_Format
            (OSSAudioError,
             "unable to set requested channels (wanted %d, got %d)",
             wanted_channels, channels);
    }

rate = wanted_rate;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &rate) == -1) {
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
    }
    if (strict && rate != wanted_rate) {
        return PyErr_Format
            (OSSAudioError,
             "unable to set requested rate (wanted %d, got %d)",
             wanted_rate, rate);
    }

/* Construct the return value: a (fmt, channels, rate) tuple that
       tells what the audio hardware was actually set to. */
    return Py_BuildValue("(iii)", fmt, channels, rate);
}

static int
_ssize(oss_audio_t *self, int *nchannels, int *ssize)
{
    int fmt;

fmt = 0;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt) < 0)
        return -errno;

switch (fmt) {
    case AFMT_MU_LAW:
    case AFMT_A_LAW:
    case AFMT_U8:
    case AFMT_S8:
        *ssize = 1;                     /* 8 bit formats: 1 byte */
        break;
    case AFMT_S16_LE:
    case AFMT_S16_BE:
    case AFMT_U16_LE:
    case AFMT_U16_BE:
        *ssize = 2;                     /* 16 bit formats: 2 byte */
        break;
    case AFMT_MPEG:
    case AFMT_IMA_ADPCM:
    default:
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
    }
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, nchannels) < 0)
        return -errno;
    return 0;
}

/* bufsize returns the size of the hardware audio buffer in number
   of samples */
static PyObject *
oss_bufsize(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    audio_buf_info ai;
    int nchannels=0, ssize=0;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (_ssize(self, &nchannels, &ssize) < 0 || !nchannels || !ssize) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE, &ai) < 0) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }
    return PyLong_FromLong((ai.fragstotal * ai.fragsize) / (nchannels * ssize));
}

/* obufcount returns the number of samples that are available in the
   hardware for playing */
static PyObject *
oss_obufcount(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    audio_buf_info ai;
    int nchannels=0, ssize=0;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

/* obufcount returns the number of samples that can be played without
   blocking */
static PyObject *
oss_obuffree(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    audio_buf_info ai;
    int nchannels=0, ssize=0;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

static PyObject *
oss_getptr(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    count_info info;
    int req;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

if (self->mode == O_RDONLY)
        req = SNDCTL_DSP_GETIPTR;
    else
        req = SNDCTL_DSP_GETOPTR;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, req, &info) == -1) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
        return NULL;
    }
    return Py_BuildValue("iii", info.bytes, info.blocks, info.ptr);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Methods of mixer objects (OSSMixerType)
 */

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_close(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (self->fd >= 0) {
        close(self->fd);
        self->fd = -1;
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_fileno(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return PyLong_FromLong(self->fd);
}

/* Simple mixer interface methods */

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_controls(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "controls",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_DEVMASK);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_stereocontrols(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "stereocontrols",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_STEREODEVS);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_reccontrols(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "reccontrols",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECMASK);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_get(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int channel, volume;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

/* Can't use _do_ioctl_1 because of encoded arg thingy. */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:get", &channel))
        return NULL;

if (channel < 0 || channel > SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES) {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "Invalid mixer channel specified.");
        return NULL;
    }

if (ioctl(self->fd, MIXER_READ(channel), &volume) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);

return Py_BuildValue("(ii)", volume & 0xff, (volume & 0xff00) >> 8);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_set(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int channel, volume, leftVol, rightVol;

if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

/* Can't use _do_ioctl_1 because of encoded arg thingy. */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i(ii):set", &channel, &leftVol, &rightVol))
        return NULL;

if (channel < 0 || channel > SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES) {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "Invalid mixer channel specified.");
        return NULL;
    }

if (leftVol < 0 || rightVol < 0 || leftVol > 100 || rightVol > 100) {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "Volumes must be between 0 and 100.");
        return NULL;
    }

volume = (rightVol << 8) | leftVol;

if (ioctl(self->fd, MIXER_WRITE(channel), &volume) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);

return Py_BuildValue("(ii)", volume & 0xff, (volume & 0xff00) >> 8);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_get_recsrc(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "get_recsrc",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECSRC);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_set_recsrc(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "set_recsrc",
        SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_RECSRC);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Method tables and other bureaucracy
 */

static PyMethodDef oss_methods[] = {
    /* Regular file methods */
    { "read",           (PyCFunction)oss_read, METH_VARARGS },
    { "write",          (PyCFunction)oss_write, METH_VARARGS },
    { "writeall",       (PyCFunction)oss_writeall, METH_VARARGS },
    { "close",          (PyCFunction)oss_close, METH_NOARGS },
    { "fileno",         (PyCFunction)oss_fileno, METH_NOARGS },

/* Simple ioctl wrappers */
    { "nonblock",       (PyCFunction)oss_nonblock, METH_NOARGS },
    { "setfmt",         (PyCFunction)oss_setfmt, METH_VARARGS },
    { "getfmts",        (PyCFunction)oss_getfmts, METH_NOARGS },
    { "channels",       (PyCFunction)oss_channels, METH_VARARGS },
    { "speed",          (PyCFunction)oss_speed, METH_VARARGS },
    { "sync",           (PyCFunction)oss_sync, METH_VARARGS },
    { "reset",          (PyCFunction)oss_reset, METH_VARARGS },
    { "post",           (PyCFunction)oss_post, METH_VARARGS },

/* Convenience methods -- wrap a couple of ioctls together */
    { "setparameters",  (PyCFunction)oss_setparameters, METH_VARARGS },
    { "bufsize",        (PyCFunction)oss_bufsize, METH_NOARGS },
    { "obufcount",      (PyCFunction)oss_obufcount, METH_NOARGS },
    { "obuffree",       (PyCFunction)oss_obuffree, METH_NOARGS },
    { "getptr",         (PyCFunction)oss_getptr, METH_NOARGS },

/* Aliases for backwards compatibility */
    { "flush",          (PyCFunction)oss_sync, METH_VARARGS },

/* Support for the context management protocol */
    { "__enter__",      oss_self, METH_NOARGS },
    { "__exit__",       oss_exit, METH_VARARGS },

{ NULL,             NULL}           /* sentinel */
};

static PyMethodDef oss_mixer_methods[] = {
    /* Regular file method - OSS mixers are ioctl-only interface */
    { "close",          (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_close, METH_NOARGS },
    { "fileno",         (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_fileno, METH_NOARGS },

/* Support for the context management protocol */
    { "__enter__",      oss_self, METH_NOARGS },
    { "__exit__",       oss_exit, METH_VARARGS },

/* Simple ioctl wrappers */
    { "controls",       (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_controls, METH_VARARGS },
    { "stereocontrols", (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_stereocontrols, METH_VARARGS},
    { "reccontrols",    (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_reccontrols, METH_VARARGS},
    { "get",            (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_get, METH_VARARGS },
    { "set",            (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_set, METH_VARARGS },
    { "get_recsrc",     (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_get_recsrc, METH_VARARGS },
    { "set_recsrc",     (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_set_recsrc, METH_VARARGS },

{ NULL,             NULL}
};

static PyMemberDef oss_members[] = {
    {"name", T_STRING, offsetof(oss_audio_t, devicename), READONLY, NULL},
    {NULL}
};

static PyObject *
oss_closed_getter(oss_audio_t *self, void *closure)
{
    return PyBool_FromLong(self->fd == -1);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mode_getter(oss_audio_t *self, void *closure)
{
    switch(self->mode) {
        case O_RDONLY:
            return PyUnicode_FromString("r");
            break;
        case O_RDWR:
            return PyUnicode_FromString("rw");
            break;
        case O_WRONLY:
            return PyUnicode_FromString("w");
            break;
        default:
            /* From newossobject(), self->mode can only be one
               of these three values. */
            Py_UNREACHABLE();
    }
}

static PyGetSetDef oss_getsetlist[] = {
    {"closed", (getter)oss_closed_getter, (setter)NULL, NULL},
    {"mode", (getter)oss_mode_getter, (setter)NULL, NULL},
    {NULL},
};

static PyTypeObject OSSAudioType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    "ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device", /*tp_name*/
    sizeof(oss_audio_t),        /*tp_basicsize*/
    0,                          /*tp_itemsize*/
    /* methods */
    (destructor)oss_dealloc,    /*tp_dealloc*/
    0,                          /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
    0,                          /*tp_getattr*/
    0,                          /*tp_setattr*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_async*/
    0,                          /*tp_repr*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_number*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_sequence*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_mapping*/
    0,                          /*tp_hash*/
    0,                          /*tp_call*/
    0,                          /*tp_str*/
    0,                          /*tp_getattro*/
    0,                          /*tp_setattro*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_buffer*/
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,         /*tp_flags*/
    0,                          /*tp_doc*/
    0,                          /*tp_traverse*/
    0,                          /*tp_clear*/
    0,                          /*tp_richcompare*/
    0,                          /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
    0,                          /*tp_iter*/
    0,                          /*tp_iternext*/
    oss_methods,                /*tp_methods*/
    oss_members,                /*tp_members*/
    oss_getsetlist,             /*tp_getset*/
};

static PyTypeObject OSSMixerType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    "ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device", /*tp_name*/
    sizeof(oss_mixer_t),            /*tp_basicsize*/
    0,                              /*tp_itemsize*/
    /* methods */
    (destructor)oss_mixer_dealloc,  /*tp_dealloc*/
    0,                              /*tp_vectorcall_offset*/
    0,                              /*tp_getattr*/
    0,                              /*tp_setattr*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_async*/
    0,                              /*tp_repr*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_number*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_sequence*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_mapping*/
    0,                              /*tp_hash*/
    0,                              /*tp_call*/
    0,                              /*tp_str*/
    0,                              /*tp_getattro*/
    0,                              /*tp_setattro*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_buffer*/
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,             /*tp_flags*/
    0,                              /*tp_doc*/
    0,                              /*tp_traverse*/
    0,                              /*tp_clear*/
    0,                              /*tp_richcompare*/
    0,                              /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
    0,                              /*tp_iter*/
    0,                              /*tp_iternext*/
    oss_mixer_methods,              /*tp_methods*/
};

static PyObject *
ossopen(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return (PyObject *)newossobject(args);
}

static PyObject *
ossopenmixer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return (PyObject *)newossmixerobject(args);
}

static PyMethodDef ossaudiodev_methods[] = {
    { "open", ossopen, METH_VARARGS },
    { "openmixer", ossopenmixer, METH_VARARGS },
    { 0, 0 },
};

#define _EXPORT_INT(mod, name) \
  if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(mod, #name, (long) (name)) == -1) return NULL;

static char *control_labels[] = SOUND_DEVICE_LABELS;
static char *control_names[] = SOUND_DEVICE_NAMES;

static int
build_namelists (PyObject *module)
{
    PyObject *labels;
    PyObject *names;
    PyObject *s;
    int num_controls;
    int i;

num_controls = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(control_labels);
    assert(num_controls == Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(control_names));

labels = PyList_New(num_controls);
    names = PyList_New(num_controls);
    if (labels == NULL || names == NULL)
        goto error2;
    for (i = 0; i < num_controls; i++) {
        s = PyUnicode_FromString(control_labels[i]);
        if (s == NULL)
            goto error2;
        PyList_SET_ITEM(labels, i, s);

s = PyUnicode_FromString(control_names[i]);
        if (s == NULL)
            goto error2;
        PyList_SET_ITEM(names, i, s);
    }

if (PyModule_AddObject(module, "control_labels", labels) == -1)
        goto error2;
    if (PyModule_AddObject(module, "control_names", names) == -1)
        goto error1;

return 0;

error2:
    Py_XDECREF(labels);
error1:
    Py_XDECREF(names);
    return -1;
}

static struct PyModuleDef ossaudiodevmodule = {
        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
        "ossaudiodev",
        NULL,
        -1,
        ossaudiodev_methods,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL
};

PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_ossaudiodev(void)
{
    PyObject *m;

if (PyType_Ready(&OSSAudioType) < 0)
        return NULL;

if (PyType_Ready(&OSSMixerType) < 0)
        return NULL;

m = PyModule_Create(&ossaudiodevmodule);
    if (m == NULL)
        return NULL;

OSSAudioError = PyErr_NewException("ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError",
                                       NULL, NULL);
    if (OSSAudioError) {
        /* Each call to PyModule_AddObject decrefs it; compensate: */
        Py_INCREF(OSSAudioError);
        Py_INCREF(OSSAudioError);
        PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", OSSAudioError);
        PyModule_AddObject(m, "OSSAudioError", OSSAudioError);
    }

/* Build 'control_labels' and 'control_names' lists and add them
       to the module. */
    if (build_namelists(m) == -1)       /* XXX what to do here? */
        return NULL;

/* Expose the audio format numbers -- essential! */
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_QUERY);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_MU_LAW);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_A_LAW);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_IMA_ADPCM);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U8);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S16_LE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S16_BE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S8);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U16_LE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U16_BE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_MPEG);
#ifdef AFMT_AC3
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_AC3);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_S16_NE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S16_NE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_U16_NE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U16_NE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_S32_LE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S32_LE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_S32_BE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S32_BE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_MPEG
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_MPEG);
#endif

/* Expose the sound mixer device numbers. */
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_BASS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_TREBLE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_PCM);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_SPEAKER);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_MIC);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_CD);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_IMIX);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_ALTPCM);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_RECLEV);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_IGAIN);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_OGAIN);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE1);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE2);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE3);
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL1
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL1);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL2
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL2);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL3
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL3);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_PHONEIN
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_PHONEIN);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_PHONEOUT
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_PHONEOUT);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_VIDEO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_VIDEO);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_RADIO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_RADIO);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_MONITOR
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_MONITOR);
#endif

/* Expose all the ioctl numbers for masochists who like to do this
       stuff directly. */
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_HALT
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_HALT);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_LOAD
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_LOAD);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_RCODE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RCODE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_RCVMSG
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RCVMSG);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_RDATA
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RDATA);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_RESET
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RESET);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_RUN
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RUN);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_SENDMSG
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_SENDMSG);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_WCODE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_WCODE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_COPR_WDATA
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_WDATA);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_BIND_CHANNEL
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_BIND_CHANNEL);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKSIZE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETCAPS);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_GETCHANNELMASK
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETCHANNELMASK);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETIPTR);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETISPACE);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_GETODELAY
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETODELAY);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOPTR);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_GETSPDIF
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETSPDIF);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETTRIGGER);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_MAPINBUF
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_MAPINBUF);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_MAPOUTBUF
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_MAPOUTBUF);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_POST);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_PROFILE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_PROFILE);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_RESET);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SAMPLESIZE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETDUPLEX);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_SETSPDIF
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETSPDIF);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETSYNCRO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_STEREO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SUBDIVIDE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC);
#ifdef SNDCTL_FM_4OP_ENABLE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_FM_4OP_ENABLE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_FM_LOAD_INSTR
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_FM_LOAD_INSTR);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_MIDI_INFO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_INFO);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUCMD
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUCMD);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUMODE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUMODE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_MIDI_PRETIME
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_PRETIME);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_CTRLRATE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_CTRLRATE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_GETINCOUNT
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_GETINCOUNT);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_GETOUTCOUNT
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_GETOUTCOUNT);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_GETTIME
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_GETTIME);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_NRMIDIS
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_NRMIDIS);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_NRSYNTHS
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_NRSYNTHS);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_OUTOFBAND
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_OUTOFBAND);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_PANIC
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_PANIC);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_PERCMODE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_PERCMODE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_RESET
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_RESET);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_RESETSAMPLES
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_RESETSAMPLES);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_SYNC
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_SYNC);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_TESTMIDI
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_TESTMIDI);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_THRESHOLD
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_THRESHOLD);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_CONTROL
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_CONTROL);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_ID
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_ID);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_INFO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_INFO);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_MEMAVL
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_MEMAVL);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_REMOVESAMPLE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_REMOVESAMPLE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_CONTINUE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_CONTINUE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_METRONOME
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_METRONOME);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_SELECT
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_SELECT);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_SOURCE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_SOURCE);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_START
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_START);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_STOP
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_TEMPO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_TEMPO);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE);
#endif
    return m;
}